Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an efficient and somewhat selective extraction technique from solids and liquids. It utilizes the different solubilities of analytes in supercritical fluids at various pressures and temperatures to selectively extract them from the sample matrix.
The dissolving power of a supercritical fluid depends on its density, which is adjustable by changing the pressure or temperature.
Carbon dioxide is a common solvent for SFE because it has a low critical temperature (304K) and critical pressure (73 bar). It is cheap, nonpolar, and inert. A polar modifier such as ethanol or methanol can be employed for extracting more polar compounds.
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